Risk and protective factors for suicide: a populational case-control study, Brazil, 2019

OBJETIVE: To estimate risk and protection factors associated with suicide in Campinas, Brazil, in 2019. METHODS: This is a populational case-control study analyzing 83 cases of suicide that occurred in 2019 in Campinas, a Brazilian city with about 1.2 million inhabitants. Controls were composed of 716 inhabitants. An adjusted multiple logistic regression was used. Cases and controls were the dichotomous response variables. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were the predictor variables. RESULTS: The categories which presented higher risk of suicide were: males [OR = 5.26 (p < 0.001)]; people aged 10–29 years [OR = 5.88 (p = 0.002)]; individuals without paid work [OR = 3.06 (p = 0.013)]; individuals presenting problematic use of alcohol [OR = 33.12 (p < 0.001)] and cocaine [14.59 (p < 0.007)]; and people with disabilities [OR = 3.72 (p < 0.001]. Moreover, the perception of fear was associated with reduced suicide risk [OR = 0.19 (p = 0.015)]. Higher district HDI levels also showed a 4% decrease in risk for each 0.01 increase in district HDI levels [OR = 0.02 (p = 0.008)]. CONCLUSIONS: This study evidenced the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables and suicide. It also emphasized the complexity in the dynamics between personal, social, and economic factors to this external cause of death

Transtornos psiquiátricos menores em estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à manifestação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores (TPM) em estudantes universitários do Sul do Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19.Método: Estudo transversal, realizado nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2020, com 464 estudantes universitários. Foi utilizado o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) com o ponto de corte ≥ 7, e identificados os fatores associados por meio de análises brutas e ajustadas com emprego de regressão logística.Resultados: A prevalência de TPM foi de 76,5%. Os fatores positivamente associados ao desfecho foram as pessoas do sexo feminino, perda de emprego durante a pandemia, uso de substâncias psicoativas e dificuldades para acompanhar as aulas on-line. Esteve negativamente associado ao desfecho, estar em distanciamento social por período igual ou superior a sete meses.Conclusão: O estudo sugere alta prevalência de TPM entre os universitários e a relação entre esse desfecho e os desdobramentos da pandemia da COVID-19. Palavras-chave: Estudantes. Pandemias. Saúde mental

Satisfacción de familiares de usuarios de servicios de salud mental: informaciones sobre tratamiento y enfermedad

Objective: to identify the satisfaction of CAPS users’ relatives about the information offered by professionals regarding their disorder and treatment. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed with 1242 relatives in 40 CAPS from 39 municipalities. Specific variables were selected to access the evaluation of the relatives about the information provided by the CAPS on the disease and the treatment of the user. Chi square test was used. Results: most of the studied individuals were very satisfied with the information about the treatment obtained by users in the CAPS and on the individual’s disorder. However, not receiving information about the treatment was a greater predictor of dissatisfaction than not receiving information about the disorder. Conclusions: the results of this study stress the need of qualify the dialogue between the services team and the users' families, especially about the treatment provided to the user

Intención de abandonar la profesión de Enfermería durante la pandemia del COVID-19

Objective: to investigate the percentage of professionals with an intention to leave Nursing during the COVID-10 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with this outcome. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted by applying questionnaires to 890 Nursing professionals from the municipality of Pelotas (RS). The outcome was identified by means of self-reports obtained from the question itself. Relative Risks, as well as their Confidence Intervals (95%), were calculated for the independent variables by means of unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression. Results: the percentage of professionals who stated their intention to leave Nursing was 24.6% (n=219). There was a positive association between the outcome and higher schooling levels, negative evaluation of institutional support, moderate or intense overload, and skin lesions. A negative association was also observed between the outcome and individuals aged 51 years old or more. Conclusion: except for skin lesions, aspects such as lack of support and overload, although they may have been intensified during the pandemic, do not represent a new fact in the health services. In this sense, the associations found in the study reflect the need for cross-sectional actions to promote retention of professionals.Objetivo: investigar el porcentaje de profesionales con intención de abandonar la profesión de Enfermería durante la pandemia del COVID-19, así como los factores asociados con este desenlace. Método: estudio transversal realizado por medio de cuestionarios aplicados a 890 profesionales de Enfermería del municipio de Pelotas (RS). El desenlace se identificó por medio de autoinformes obtenidos a partir de la pregunta en sí. Por medio de regresión de Poisson ajustada y no ajustada, se calculó el Riesgo Relativo, al igual que sus Intervalos de Confianza (95%), para las variables independientes. Resultados: el porcentaje de profesionales que manifestaron su intención de abandonar la profesión de Enfermería fue del 24,6% (n=219). Se registró una asociación positiva entre el desenlace y nivel de estudios más elevado, evaluación negativa del apoyo institucional, sobrecarga moderada o intensa y lesiones en la piel. También se observó una asociación negativa entre el desenlace y personas de al menos 51 años de edad. Conclusión: salvo por las lesiones en la piel, aspectos como la falta de apoyo y la sobrecarga, aunque pudieran haberse visto intensificados durante la pandemia, no representan un hecho novedoso en los servicios de salud. En este sentido, las asociaciones que se encontraron en el estudio reflejan la necesidad de implementar acciones transversales para promover retención de profesionales.Objetivo: investigar a proporção de profissionais com intenção em deixar a Enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19, bem como os fatores associados a esse desfecho. Método: estudo transversal realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários a 890 profissionais de Enfermagem do município de Pelotas (RS). O desfecho foi identificado por meio do autorrelato obtido a partir de questão própria. Riscos Relativos, bem como seus Intervalos de Confiança (95%), foram calculados para as variáveis independentes por meio de regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada. Resultados: a proporção de profissionais que manifestaram intenção em deixar a Enfermagem foi de 24,6% (n=219). Houve associação positiva entre o desfecho e maior escolaridade, avaliação negativa do suporte institucional, sobrecarga moderada ou pesada e lesões de pele. Foi observada ainda associação negativa entre o desfecho e idade igual ou superior a 51 anos. Conclusão: exceto pelas lesões de pele, aspectos como a falta de suporte e a sobrecarga, embora possam ter sido exacerbadas na pandemia, não caracterizam fato novo nos serviços de saúde. Nesse sentido, as associações encontradas pelo estudo refletem a necessidade de ações transversais para promover a retenção de profissionais

Prevalência de ideação e tentativa de suicídio entre usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar a prevalência de ideação e tentativa de suicídio entre usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do município de Pelotas (RS). Método: Estudo transversal, de base documental, em 389 prontuários de usuários ativos. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro de 2017 e maio de 2018. Os dados foram digitados no software Microsoft Excel e posteriormente convertidos para o pacote estatístico Stata 11.  Resultados: A prevalência de ideação e tentativa de suicídio foi de 48,1% e 33,4%, respectivamente. Foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação à escuta de vozes (p=<0,001) e histórico de violência (p=<0,001). Usuários que ouviam vozes apresentaram prevalência de ideação suicida correspondente a 58,1%. Entre aqueles usuários que haviam relatado ideação suicida, a prevalência de tentativa foi de 57,7%, enquanto, em usuários sem relato de ideação, as tentativas foram prevalentes em 10,9% (p=<0.001).  Conclusões: Os usuários apresentaram uma prevalência significativa de ideação e tentativa de suicídio. Palavras-chave: Saúde mental. Serviços comunitários de saúde mental. Ideação suicida. Tentativa de suicídio. Suicídio.

Overweight and obesity among individuals with mental disorders in southern Brazil

Objective: to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among users of the Centers for Psychosocial Care in southern Brazil. Methods: it is a cross-sectional study, held in 2011, which had the participation of 1.267 subjects. In order to track the occurrence of overweight and obesity, participants had their body mass index calculated based on self-reported information on weight and height. Descriptive statistics was used in addition to analysis of strata conducted using the Chi-squared test. Results: adopting as reference for categorizing the Body Mass Index the Brazilian guidelines for obesity (2009-2010), this study found the prevalence of overweight and obesity of 34,8% (n= 441) and 21% (n= 266),  respectively. Conclusions: higher prevalence of obesity was observed in females (23.7% n=171), aged between 31 and 45 years (25.8% n=134), and diagnosed with bipolar disorder (31.2% n=45)

Mental health of nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with: (1) major depressive episodes; (2) minor psychiatric disorders (MPDs); and (3) suicidal ideation among nursing professionals from a municipality in southern Brazil. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 890 nursing professionals linked to 50 Primary Care units, 2 walk-in clinics, 2 hospital services, 1 emergency room service, 1 mobile emergency care service, and 1 teleconsultation service, in addition to the municipal epidemiological surveillance service and the vacancy regulation center between June and July 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire to evaluate the studied outcomes. Associations between the outcomes and variables related to sociodemographic profile, work, health conditions, and daily life were explored using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators. RESULTS The observed prevalence of depression, MPDs, and suicidal ideation were 36.6%, 44%, and 7.4%, respectively. MPDs were associated with the assessment of support received by the service as ‘regular’ (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19–1.85) or ‘poor’ (PR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23–1.94), with a reported moderate (PR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.29–2.07), or heavy (PR: 2.54; 95% CI: 2.05–3.15) workload, and with suspected COVID-19 infection (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25–1.66). Major depressive episodes were associated with a reported lack of personal protective equipment (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.42), whereas suicidal ideation was inversely related to per capita income > 3 minimum monthly wages (PR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11–0.68), and positively related to the use of psychotropic drugs (PR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.87–5.26). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that nursing professionals’ working conditions are associated with their mental health status. The need to improve working conditions through adequate dimensioning, support and proper biosafety measures is only heightened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic